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Situated on the Red Cedar River and Deer Creek, in the northeast quadrant of Ingham County, the City of Williamston, Michigan borders Williamston Township to the north and Wheatfield Township to the south.

I-96 forms the southern border of the city, but its other borders are irregular. M-43 (Grand River Avenue) intersects Williamston Road (Putnam Street) downtown, just south of the river, and Linn Road intersects Williamston Road in the southern part of the city.

Within the city, only one vehicular bridge crosses the Red Cedar River. This bridge is on North Putnam Street, which links the area to Grand River Avenue and I-96.

Cities and villages within twenty-five miles of Williamston include Webberville, Dansville, Fowlerville, Perry, East Lansing, Morrice, Mason, Laingsburg, Lansing, Howell, Stockbridge, Dimondale, DeWitt, Bancroft, and Leslie. The unincorporated community of Okemos is just over seven miles to the west-northwest.

Police services are provided by the Williamston Police Department, which is station adjacent to the city hall, while fire and emergency medical services are provided by the Northeast Ingham Emergency Services Authority, which provides fire protection to the City of Williamston, Williamston Township, Locke Township, and Wheatfield Township, while ambulance service is provided to the same communities, as well as Leroy Township and the Village of Webberville.

A public school curriculum is provided by Williamston Community Schools, which serves the city, as well as a large part of Williamston Township, the southwestern part of Locke Township, the northwest corner of Leroy Township, the northern half of Wheatfield Township, and small parts of Meridian and Alaiedon townships. Its campuses are all situated in the northern part of Williamston. Private and non-profit educational institutions also serve K-12 students in Williamston.

Williamston's Downtown Historic District includes the historic commercial buildings that make up the city's central business district, and is centered on the intersection of Grand River Avenue and Putnam Street, extending along the first blocks of those streets.

The Andrews Hotel, the Barrett Building, and the George Beeman House are listed on the State Register of Historic Sites, although the city has no sites on the National Register.

The Williamston Depot Museum is housed in a railroad depot built in the 1880s, and moved to its current location in 1983.

Parks and recreational facilities in Williamston include McCormick Park, Deer Creek Park, West End Park, Memorial Park, Old Mill Park, Thurlby Park, City Hall Pocket Park, the Williamston Community Center (which includes a library and senior center), and other recreational facilities operated by the public school district.

Williamston events include the Red River Jubilee, typically held during the last week of June. Artfest on the River is held in July, and the first Thursday and Friday of August brings the Dog Days of Summer, in which dog owners are encouraged to bring their pets for a variety of activities. The annual Light Parade is held on the first Saturday in December, and other events are scheduled periodically.

First appearing on a US Census roll in 1880 with a population of 982, Williamston's population has increased each decade, except for 1900, 1910, 1990, and 2020, when its population was 3,819.

Prior to its settlement by European-Americans, the area that was to become Williamston was the summer home of a small band of Ojibwa people led by Chief Okemos, who was an ally of the British during the War of 1812.

The first European-Americans to settle the area came after 1834 when Hiram and Joseph Putnam cut a road through the forest between what is now Stockbridge and the Red Cedar River. Today, this road is known as Williamston Road. Upon arriving at the river, the two carved out 15 acres along the north bank of the river, built a cabin, and began farming the area that is now part of the Brookshire Golf Course and a portion of the city's residential area. A few others came, and the small community became known as Cedar. The Putnam farm was not successful, however, so the brothers returned to Jackson, selling their land to three brothers from New York, Oswald B, Williams, James M. Williams, and Horace B. Williams.

A post office was established on May 10, 1842, with James Williams as postmaster. The office was named Williamstown. James Williams constructed a dam to power a sawmill and, later, a grist mill along the river and platted the village of Williamstown in 1845.

When the Capital was moved from Detroit to nearby Lansing in 1847, the community became a popular stop for travelers going to Lansing.

Williamstown was incorporated as a village in 1871, and its name was changed to Williamston on December 2, 1884. Williamston became a city in 1944.

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