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Peterborough, in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, was settled in 1749. Although the town suffered several Indian attacks during the French and Indian War, it continued to be inhabited, and was incorporated by Colonial Governor Benning Wentworth in 1760, named for Lieutenant Peter Prescott, a prominent land speculator. Its early economy was based on the watermills that were placed along the Contocook River and Nubanusit Brook, which provided power for mills, which include cotton factories, paper mills, an iron foundry, sawmills, gristmills, and several others. Today the town’s economy depends, in large part, on tourism. It is also home to the MacDowell Art Colony, established in 1907. Apart from its chief settlement along the Contocook River, Peterborough includes the village of West Peterborough, along Nubanusit Brook. Jeremiah Smith, John Hardy Steele, Person Colby Cheney, Robert P. Bass, and Walter R. Peterson Jr., the 9th, 19th, 35th, 53rd, and 72nd governors of New Hampshire, were residents of Peterborough, along with several U.S. congressmen.

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