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The Order of Saint Augustine was founded in 1244 when several communities of religious hermits living in the Tuscany, Italy region petitioned Pope IV to allow them to be united under one common Rule, like other Orders that had recently been founded. Before long, the number of friars grew and, as other groups joined them, they covered a larger geographic area. By the mid-14th century, they numbered about eight thousand, and were involved as pastors, preachers, scholars, theologians, teachers, and missionaries, while others were working as carpenters, farmers, bakers, and even beggars. Early in the Orders history, women were admitted as well, and lay fraternities were established. By the time of the French Revolution, the Augustinians had reached their peak of about twenty thousand worldwide, and their number has included saints, martyrs, bishops and cardinals of the Church. Within the Roman Catholic Church, Augustinians can be a part of one of two separate types of Orders: mendicant Orders of friars or various congregations of clerics, known as Canons Regular. The Augustinian Friars are a mendicant Order, consisting of friars, nuns, and a number of lay fraternities. The friars came into being after the older Canons Regular. The Canons Regular represent a clerical adaptation of monastic life, paralleling the lay movement of monasticism from which the friars were later to develop. The official name of their Order is the Canons Regular of Saint Augustine. Other Orders, such as the Discalced Augustinians and the Augustinian Recollects, were once part of the Augustinian Order but have since become autonomous. For the purpose categorization, they will be listed here as well. The Discalced Augustinians were formed in 1588 as a reform movement of the Order, and the Augustinian Recollects were established in 1592 with the same goal. Other Orders and groups are Augustinian because they follow the Rule of Augustine. There is also an Anglican order by that name.

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