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The Third Order Regular of Saint Francis, also known as the Third Order Regular of Saint Francis of Penance, is a mendicant Order with roots in the Third Order of Saint Francis. The Third Order Regular developed from the Third Order Secular movement, which began in the early 13th century. Many people responded to the preaching of Saint Francis between 1209 and 1220, including some whose circumstances did not permit them to join a religious Order such as the Friars Minor or the Poor Clares, and were brought into the fold through the Third Order of Saint Francis, and known as tertiaries. In 1289, Pope Nicholas IV recognized the Third Order of Saint Francis, and approved the Order of Penance. Those who remained in their homes, whether married or single, became the Secular Third Order. Before long, however, some secular tertiaries chose to withdraw from the world and to live in religious communities, but without the three vows of the First and Second Orders, and they became the Religious of the Third Order Regular of Saint Francis. Members of other religious communities sometimes joined the Third Order Regular. By 1295, Pope Boniface VII approved the style of community life of the tertiaries, and by the 15th century, they had spread to several parts of Europe. In 1521, Pope Leo X gave a new form to the Rule by which they lived, retaining much of the Rule that had been published by Pope Nicholas IV, but adding the three solemn vows of poverty, chastity and obedience. Over the years, some Third Order Regular monasteries disappeared because of government suppression or war, while others were created or enlarged. Many have joined with the Italian congregation to create a single entity known as the Third Order Regular of Saint Francis. Third Order Regulars are prominent in Ireland, the United States, and the Philippines, but have a presence in many other countries as well, such as Italy, Croatia, Spain, France, Germany, India, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and others.

 

 

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